Retinal degeneration has a very significant impact on quality of life. For example, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. AMD involves progressive damage to the central part of the retina (the tissue at the back of the eye that detects light) called the macula, which is responsible for our central vision and functions such as reading and seeing faces or fine detail. Treatment is currently available for one type of AMD called ...

GO TO STUDY

In coarctation of the aorta, there is a narrowing in the aorta just beyond the branches that supply the head and arms with blood. This prevents the blood from circulating normally in the lower half of the body and can be very serious. The narrowing of the aorta is usually repaired with surgery during early childhood. In the long-term, up to 60% of patients who have had a coarctation repair develop high blood pressure, and this begins in childhood. High blood ...

GO TO STUDY

The FOxTROT platform is a rolling programme of molecularly stratified, randomised phase II/III, multi-centre, international, open-label studies patients with locally advanced but operable colon cancer (CC). FOxTROT 2 is a phase III,multi-centre,open-label,international,randomised-controlled trial of modified dose of OxFp compared to STS,in patients unsuitable for FOLFOXIRI with a left-CC or with a right-CC tumour confirmed to be pMMR or MSS, and not felt to be at risk of bowel obstruction. FOxTROT 3 is a phase III, multi-centre, open-label, international, randomised-controlled trial of 6 ...

GO TO STUDY

Nurses looking after children on intensive care units in the UK aspirate (suck out with a syringe) whatever feed is in the stomach before they decide to give a feed or not. The idea is to check that the stomach is not too full of milk/feed, to prevent the child vomiting, or breathing milk into the lungs. However, there is no evidence to base this practice on. In some countries this practice is rarely done and although recommendation in adult ...

GO TO STUDY

Every year over 15,800 people are diagnosed with gullet (oesophageal) or stomach cancer and over 12,300 deaths are reported from both cancers in the UK. Currently, most gullet or stomach cancer patients are treated with surgery with or without additional chemo- or radio-therapy. Recently, there have been improvements in survival from these cancers, due to better therapies. However, around two-thirds of patients treated with surgery, the cancer will return within three years and they will ultimately die from this. There ...

GO TO STUDY

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition, and one of the most common, chronic conditions of childhood. Three stages of T1D are recognised, with stage 1 and 2 T1D characterised by autoimmunity (presence of two or more diabetes antibodies) where individuals are pre-symptomatic. Stage 3 T1D is the classical symptomatic presentation, when insulin commencement is necessary. Almost all children with two or more T1D antibodies, will develop T1D in their lifetime. Earlier detection of T1D will identify individuals who ...

GO TO STUDY

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of glofitamab monotherapy compared with an investigator’s choice of either rituximab plus bendamustine (BR), or lenalidomide with rituximab (R-Len) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as measured by Blinded Independent Review Committee (BIRC) assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either glofitamab as a single agent or an investigator’s choice between BR or R-Len. Approximately half of the patients ...

GO TO STUDY

1 in 7 babies require neonatal care. During their time in hospital their vital signs (such as heart rate, breathing rate and oxygen saturation) are continuously monitored as part of standard care. Many factors lead to changes in vital signs, for example, medical procedures such as blood tests can result in brief increases in heart rate. Medication can also alter vital signs, either as an intended effect or as a side effect. However, different infants will respond in different ways ...

GO TO STUDY

Women with disease-causing gene changes (faults/mutations) in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM are at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer - specifically breast (all genes) and epithelial ovarian cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 only). At present, the risk estimates given by most health practitioners to women are broad (e.g. 35-85% lifetime risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2) and are not personalised. This can make it difficult for women to make informed decisions regarding risk ...

GO TO STUDY

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is an abnormal collection of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung. This type of pneumothorax is called primary, as it happens in patients with no underlying lung disease, and spontaneous, as it occurs without injury. Previous work by our group shows that 3,000 patients a year need admission to hospital to treat a PSP. Currently, patients with symptoms are treated by draining the air through a ...

GO TO STUDY