Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are types of a bowel condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the symptoms (diarrhoea, pain, fatigue) have a major impact on daily life. IBD affects around 1 in 125 people in the UK and this is expected to rise to 1 in 100 by 2028. "Biologics" are powerful medications that are given to reduce inflammation in IBD. These treatments can be effective but up to 40% of patients don't respond, and in ...

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The majority of invasive cancer is preceded by a latency phase characterised by the presence of a pre-invasive or an intra-epithelial lesion which is histologically non-malignant. In the LFS mouse,metformin was demonstrated to delay the emergence of invasive cancers,either because it (i) prevents pre-invasive and,later,invasive lesions from forming or (ii) because metformin extends the pre-invasive latency period. To explore this,we will compare the number and type of non-malignant “tumours” that are detected in each arm of MILI as well as ...

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Sepsis is a life-threatening reaction to an infection. It happens when the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage the body’s tissues and organs. The aim of this research study is to compare the effectiveness of giving a vasopressor drug (norepinephrine) against a Balanced Crystalloid both of which are given via a drip in the arm. Vasopressors work by increasing the blood pressure which allows a better blood flow to internal organs. We plan to see which is better and to ...

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Patients presenting to their general practitioners with symptoms of suspected HNC may be referred to secondary care via a dedicated referral pathway for a consultation with a HNC specialist. In 2019/20, 228,482 patients were referred with suspected HNC in England: an increase from 140 to 404 patients per 100,000 population between 2009/10 and 2019/20. Currently, standard practice is to see all referrals face-to-face as the first contact. However, partly due to capacity issues, one in ten suspected HNC referrals are ...

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T-cell Project 2.0 is a prospective observational cohort study, enrolling patients with newly diagnosed T cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (rare cancers arising from mature T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells). By studying consecutively diagnosed patients with this rare and heterogeneous group of blood cancer, this research builds on the success of the previous T cell project by responding to changes made in diagnosis, classification, staging and response evaluation witnessed over the past 5-10 years. The aim is to gain a ...

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STATIC is designed with multiple pathways, the ‘Randomisation Pathway’ and the ‘Clinical Need Cohort’, which route a participant enters will be determined by their eligibility. Randomisation Trial: A prospective, national, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, 2-arm, parallel-group, non-inferiority ,phase III trial to assess whether patients with CLL on long-term treatment with a BTK inhibitor, (including ibrutinib) have similar disease control with an intermittent treatment strategy (experimental arm) compared with standard continuous treatment (control arm). Patients who have received ibrutinib in ...

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Long-term low back pain affects around 10-15% of adults. It can significantly impair the health, mood, and daily lives of people who have it. Radiofrequency “denervation” is widely used in the NHS for patients with a specific type of low back pain, caused by the small joints between the bones in the lower back. Denervation involves placing a needle in the nerve to the painful joint, which is heated up to cause a break in the nerve. The purpose of ...

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Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common cancer in men in the UK with over 47,000 men diagnosed every year. Research shows the main contributing factors to PrCa development are age, a family history of PrCa, and being from certain ethnic backgrounds. These risk factors can be grouped into environmental and inherited factors (i.e. genetic changes). The team's previous research shows that defects in certain genes are not only associated with higher rates of PrCa development, but are associated ...

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The purpose of WHEAT is to compare two practices that are widely used in neonatal units across the UK and around the world to see if one reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born early (premature). NEC is a serious gut disease that affects about 1 in 20 very premature babies (approximately 500 each year); about 1 in 3 of these babies will die of NEC and survivors often have long-term health and developmental problems. Prevention of ...

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Fetal heart abnormalities (congenital heart defects) are a large, rapidly emerging global problem in child health found in approximately 0.8% to 1.2% of newborns worldwide and a leading cause of neonatal and childhood death. Approximately 25% of children born every year with different heart problems require surgery or other ways of congenital heart defect correction in the first year of life. The detection rate of fetal heart problem varies from 34% to 85%, with some countries detecting as low as ...

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