The purpose of WHEAT is to compare two practices that are widely used in neonatal units across the UK and around the world to see if one reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born early (premature). NEC is a serious gut disease that affects about 1 in 20 very premature babies (approximately 500 each year); about 1 in 3 of these babies will die of NEC and survivors often have long-term health and developmental problems. Prevention of ...

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Fetal heart abnormalities (congenital heart defects) are a large, rapidly emerging global problem in child health found in approximately 0.8% to 1.2% of newborns worldwide and a leading cause of neonatal and childhood death. Approximately 25% of children born every year with different heart problems require surgery or other ways of congenital heart defect correction in the first year of life. The detection rate of fetal heart problem varies from 34% to 85%, with some countries detecting as low as ...

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There are over 100,000 fractures of the wrist (distal radius) in the UK each year; 6% of all women will have sustained such a fracture by the age of 80 and 9% by the age of 90. Following a fracture of the distal radius, if the bone fragments have remained in their normal alignment, the fracture can be treated with a support for the injured wrist, which will provide pain relief and protects from further damage as the fracture heals. ...

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FEDORA is a prospective, multicentre, open label, phase II clinical trial for patients with myelofibrosis (MF). MF is a rare blood disorder that causes scarring of the bone marrow. More than 55% of people with MF have a change in a gene called JAK2. JAK2 inhibitors are drugs that slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. Although JAK2 inhibitors have shown promising results for some patients with MF, treatment with a JAK2 inhibitor does not usually cure the patient’s disease. ...

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Hearing loss is a common and disabling condition that may result from problems with the cochlea,the inner ear structure that senses sound and sends information to the brain. Loss of hearing due to damage to the cochlea can occur suddenly and without an obvious cause,a condition described as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). SSNHL can range from a mild hearing loss to a completely deaf ear,which can make it difficult to understand people talking on the affected side. Recovery of ...

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide, occurring in 0.2-2% of live births. It is also the most frequent cause of non-genetic hearing loss, and an important cause of neurodevelopmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of maternal infection during pregnancy is unreliable in most patients and laboratory diagnosis can be challenging, especially in non-primary infections. Screening of congenital CMV infection (cCMV) in newborns is not recommended in most countries and only targeted screening is performed in some cases (children ...

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The standard 4 drug treatment for active TB is very effective if the full 6 month course is completed. However,there can be side effects. An important side effect is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Around 1 in 14 patients may be affected. For patients experiencing these complications,treatment is usually stopped for a time to allow their liver to recover. Once their liver has recovered treatment will need to be started again - ‘reintroduced’. NICE TB guidelines recommend that all 4 drugs ...

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Major trauma kills more than 5,400 people every year in the UK and uncontrolled bleeding accounts for a large proportion of these deaths, with approximately 20% occurring in the first 24 hours and 40% occurring within the first 30 days. The overall cost to NHS for managing major trauma is estimated to be £150 million per annum and blood transfusion makes up around 12% of this cost.  Blood transfusion is a life-saving treatment in the management of bleeding patients until bleeding ...

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Background A pneumothorax occurs when air gets into the space between the lung and the chest wall, usually through a small hole in the lung. This causes the lung to collapse, and can occur “spontaneously”, meaning without an injury to the chest. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in young patients without known lung disease. 50% of patients with PSP need to have a tube (or drain) inserted into the chest to remove the air between the lung and chest wall, ...

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This research study sponsored by Immunocore is looking at a new medication called IMC-F106C (study drug) in patients with advanced cancer, and is the first time the study drug will be given to humans. This study will identify the maximum dose of study drug which is safe and the dose recommended for any further studies of the drug. The study will provide a preliminary assessment of antitumor efficacy of IMC-F106C as monotherapy (single treatment) and in combination with an immunotherapy drug. IMC-F106C is designed ...

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