In coarctation of the aorta, there is a narrowing in the aorta just beyond the branches that supply the head and arms with blood. This prevents the blood from circulating normally in the lower half of the body and can be very serious. The narrowing of the aorta is usually repaired with surgery during early childhood. In the long-term, up to 60% of patients who have had a coarctation repair develop high blood pressure, and this begins in childhood. High blood ...

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The FOxTROT platform is a rolling programme of molecularly stratified, randomised phase II/III, multi-centre, international, open-label studies patients with locally advanced but operable colon cancer (CC). FOxTROT 2 is a phase III,multi-centre,open-label,international,randomised-controlled trial of modified dose of OxFp compared to STS,in patients unsuitable for FOLFOXIRI with a left-CC or with a right-CC tumour confirmed to be pMMR or MSS, and not felt to be at risk of bowel obstruction. FOxTROT 3 is a phase III, multi-centre, open-label, international, randomised-controlled trial of 6 ...

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Every year over 15,800 people are diagnosed with gullet (oesophageal) or stomach cancer and over 12,300 deaths are reported from both cancers in the UK. Currently, most gullet or stomach cancer patients are treated with surgery with or without additional chemo- or radio-therapy. Recently, there have been improvements in survival from these cancers, due to better therapies. However, around two-thirds of patients treated with surgery, the cancer will return within three years and they will ultimately die from this. There ...

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition, and one of the most common, chronic conditions of childhood. Three stages of T1D are recognised, with stage 1 and 2 T1D characterised by autoimmunity (presence of two or more diabetes antibodies) where individuals are pre-symptomatic. Stage 3 T1D is the classical symptomatic presentation, when insulin commencement is necessary. Almost all children with two or more T1D antibodies, will develop T1D in their lifetime. Earlier detection of T1D will identify individuals who ...

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of glofitamab monotherapy compared with an investigator’s choice of either rituximab plus bendamustine (BR), or lenalidomide with rituximab (R-Len) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as measured by Blinded Independent Review Committee (BIRC) assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either glofitamab as a single agent or an investigator’s choice between BR or R-Len. Approximately half of the patients ...

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1 in 7 babies require neonatal care. During their time in hospital their vital signs (such as heart rate, breathing rate and oxygen saturation) are continuously monitored as part of standard care. Many factors lead to changes in vital signs, for example, medical procedures such as blood tests can result in brief increases in heart rate. Medication can also alter vital signs, either as an intended effect or as a side effect. However, different infants will respond in different ways ...

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Women with disease-causing gene changes (faults/mutations) in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM are at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer - specifically breast (all genes) and epithelial ovarian cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 only). At present, the risk estimates given by most health practitioners to women are broad (e.g. 35-85% lifetime risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2) and are not personalised. This can make it difficult for women to make informed decisions regarding risk ...

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Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is an abnormal collection of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung. This type of pneumothorax is called primary, as it happens in patients with no underlying lung disease, and spontaneous, as it occurs without injury. Previous work by our group shows that 3,000 patients a year need admission to hospital to treat a PSP. Currently, patients with symptoms are treated by draining the air through a ...

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The median FiO2 using 3 high flow nasal oxygen flow rates(30,45,60 litres per minute) required to maintain an oxygen saturation =94 % and respiratory rate =30 in patients with acute respiratory failure.

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AIM: To assess whether movement minimisation is no worse than triple spinal immobilisation for patients who have may have or are suspected of having a spinal injury in the pre-hospital and emergency setting. BACKGROUND: Spinal cord damage often occurs as a result of road traffic crashes, sports injury or falls in frail people. Although rare, it can dramatically affect quality of life and lead to long term disability or death. In the UK, when a potential traumatic spinal injury occurs, current ...

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