During labour, contractions of the womb squeeze the blood vessels that supply the placenta and decrease the amount of oxygen that reaches the baby. Whilst most babies cope well, a small percentage are at risk of having low levels of oxygen which can have harmful effects, such as brain damage or even death. That is why midwives and doctors monitor babies’ health during labour, most frequently using a cardiotocogram (CTG) – continuous graphs displaying the womb's contractions and the baby's ...

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This is a study of an investigational new drug device combination product of Staccato and alprazolam inhalation powder, called “Staccato® alprazolam”. Staccato alprazolam is a single-use, hand-held, portable device that delivers alprazolam in aerosol form (a fine spray) deep into the lungs through inhalation (breathing in). The purpose of this study is to further assess the long-term effect and safety of Staccato alprazolam in epilepsy patients with previous episodes of prolonged seizures. Participants in this study will be treated on ...

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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the distinct precursor to Multiple Myeloma (MM), a rare blood cancer affecting over 5000 people a year in the UK. Although Myeloma is the only clinical state offered therapy, a small number of MGUS patients suffer complications and these are referred to having monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS). Early detection is a high priority for Myeloma patients and drastically improves survival but has the longest diagnostic delay of any cancer. Most avoidable ...

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The intestinal barrier is a vitally important interface through which an individual will interact with the outside world. In early childhood a number of important events occur in the intestine - immune cells encounter bacteria for the first time, the intestine will be exposed to diet and digestion will begin. Problems with these processes can cause disease, but very little is known about what the normal process is. This is made more challenging due to the scarcity of tissue collected ...

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Ocular inflammatory disease is a broad term for a diverse group of infectious and immune mediated diseases which lead to inflammation in various parts of the eye. Ocular inflammation affects about 1 in 5000 individuals and is the third leading cause of blindness in the western world. Within this umbrella, uveitis is an important and common subtype of ocular inflammation. The term uveitis refers to inflammation of the uveal tract, which is comprised of the iris, ciliary body and choroid. ...

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Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. The lifetime risk of getting appendicitis is 7-8% and the most common age for appendicitis is in the early teens. Appendicectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for acute appendicitis by most surgeons and involves an operation to remove the appendix. Although appendicectomy is usually a simple procedure, it requires a general anaesthetic and there are other risks associated with surgery. Many parents find the idea that their child needs emergency ...

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CiproPAL is a randomised,open-label trial in paediatric patients (1-17 years inclusive) with de-novo Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia treated on the existing ALLTogether-1 study (EudraCT 2018-001795-38,REC ref 20/LO/0848,Sponsor: Karolinska University) in the UK. The two main aims of the CiproPAL trial are: 1. To assess the efficacy of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in reducing infections during the induction phase of the ALLTogether1 Trial. 2. To evaluate the impact of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance,both in terms of invasive infections and colonising organisms. Patients will be randomised (1:1) ...

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This is a study of an investigational new drug device combination product of Staccato and alprazolam inhalation powder, called “Staccato® alprazolam”. Staccato alprazolam is a single-use, hand-held, portable device that delivers alprazolam in aerosol form (a fine spray) deep into the lungs through inhalation (breathing in). Alprazolam is a drug which acts on the brain and nerves to produce a calming effect. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect and safety of Staccato alprazolam in epilepsy patients with ...

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The retina is the light-sensitive nerve layer that lines the inside of the back of the eye and converts light into electrical signals that is transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are characterised by retinal degeneration associated with genetic mutations. IRDs can affect individuals at any age and progress at different rates with worsening sight or blindness over time. The blinding nature of IRDs, lack of treatment, and complex heterogeneity associated to these conditions ...

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Around a quarter of patients with the most common cause of thyroid gland overactivity (Graves' disease) develop a complication known as Graves' orbitopathy (GO). In GO, tissues in the space behind the eyeballs (the orbit) become inflamed, causing pressure to build up. This causes intense pain, restriction of eye movements, and in some cases permanent damage to sight. The pressure causes the eyeballs to bulge forward (proptosis), causing a startled, staring appearance which is disfiguring and a cause of great ...

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