The majority of invasive cancer is preceded by a latency phase characterised by the presence of a pre-invasive or an intra-epithelial lesion which is histologically non-malignant. In the LFS mouse,metformin was demonstrated to delay the emergence of invasive cancers,either because it (i) prevents pre-invasive and,later,invasive lesions from forming or (ii) because metformin extends the pre-invasive latency period. To explore this,we will compare the number and type of non-malignant “tumours” that are detected in each arm of MILI as well as ...

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Sepsis is a life-threatening reaction to an infection. It happens when the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage the body’s tissues and organs. The aim of this research study is to compare the effectiveness of giving a vasopressor drug (norepinephrine) against a Balanced Crystalloid both of which are given via a drip in the arm. Vasopressors work by increasing the blood pressure which allows a better blood flow to internal organs. We plan to see which is better and to ...

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T-cell Project 2.0 is a prospective observational cohort study, enrolling patients with newly diagnosed T cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (rare cancers arising from mature T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells). By studying consecutively diagnosed patients with this rare and heterogeneous group of blood cancer, this research builds on the success of the previous T cell project by responding to changes made in diagnosis, classification, staging and response evaluation witnessed over the past 5-10 years. The aim is to gain a ...

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STATIC is designed with multiple pathways, the ‘Randomisation Pathway’ and the ‘Clinical Need Cohort’, which route a participant enters will be determined by their eligibility. Randomisation Trial: A prospective, national, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, 2-arm, parallel-group, non-inferiority ,phase III trial to assess whether patients with CLL on long-term treatment with a BTK inhibitor, (including ibrutinib) have similar disease control with an intermittent treatment strategy (experimental arm) compared with standard continuous treatment (control arm). Patients who have received ibrutinib in ...

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Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common cancer in men in the UK with over 47,000 men diagnosed every year. Research shows the main contributing factors to PrCa development are age, a family history of PrCa, and being from certain ethnic backgrounds. These risk factors can be grouped into environmental and inherited factors (i.e. genetic changes). The team's previous research shows that defects in certain genes are not only associated with higher rates of PrCa development, but are associated ...

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The purpose of WHEAT is to compare two practices that are widely used in neonatal units across the UK and around the world to see if one reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born early (premature). NEC is a serious gut disease that affects about 1 in 20 very premature babies (approximately 500 each year); about 1 in 3 of these babies will die of NEC and survivors often have long-term health and developmental problems. Prevention of ...

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Fetal heart abnormalities (congenital heart defects) are a large, rapidly emerging global problem in child health found in approximately 0.8% to 1.2% of newborns worldwide and a leading cause of neonatal and childhood death. Approximately 25% of children born every year with different heart problems require surgery or other ways of congenital heart defect correction in the first year of life. The detection rate of fetal heart problem varies from 34% to 85%, with some countries detecting as low as ...

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There are over 100,000 fractures of the wrist (distal radius) in the UK each year; 6% of all women will have sustained such a fracture by the age of 80 and 9% by the age of 90. Following a fracture of the distal radius, if the bone fragments have remained in their normal alignment, the fracture can be treated with a support for the injured wrist, which will provide pain relief and protects from further damage as the fracture heals. ...

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Hearing loss is a common and disabling condition that may result from problems with the cochlea,the inner ear structure that senses sound and sends information to the brain. Loss of hearing due to damage to the cochlea can occur suddenly and without an obvious cause,a condition described as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). SSNHL can range from a mild hearing loss to a completely deaf ear,which can make it difficult to understand people talking on the affected side. Recovery of ...

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide, occurring in 0.2-2% of live births. It is also the most frequent cause of non-genetic hearing loss, and an important cause of neurodevelopmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of maternal infection during pregnancy is unreliable in most patients and laboratory diagnosis can be challenging, especially in non-primary infections. Screening of congenital CMV infection (cCMV) in newborns is not recommended in most countries and only targeted screening is performed in some cases (children ...

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