Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common cancer in men in the UK with over 47,000 men diagnosed every year. Research shows the main contributing factors to PrCa development are age, a family history of PrCa, and being from certain ethnic backgrounds. These risk factors can be grouped into environmental and inherited factors (i.e. genetic changes). The team's previous research shows that defects in certain genes are not only associated with higher rates of PrCa development, but are associated ...

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The purpose of WHEAT is to compare two practices that are widely used in neonatal units across the UK and around the world to see if one reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born early (premature). NEC is a serious gut disease that affects about 1 in 20 very premature babies (approximately 500 each year); about 1 in 3 of these babies will die of NEC and survivors often have long-term health and developmental problems. Prevention of ...

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Fetal heart abnormalities (congenital heart defects) are a large, rapidly emerging global problem in child health found in approximately 0.8% to 1.2% of newborns worldwide and a leading cause of neonatal and childhood death. Approximately 25% of children born every year with different heart problems require surgery or other ways of congenital heart defect correction in the first year of life. The detection rate of fetal heart problem varies from 34% to 85%, with some countries detecting as low as ...

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There are over 100,000 fractures of the wrist (distal radius) in the UK each year; 6% of all women will have sustained such a fracture by the age of 80 and 9% by the age of 90. Following a fracture of the distal radius, if the bone fragments have remained in their normal alignment, the fracture can be treated with a support for the injured wrist, which will provide pain relief and protects from further damage as the fracture heals. ...

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Hearing loss is a common and disabling condition that may result from problems with the cochlea,the inner ear structure that senses sound and sends information to the brain. Loss of hearing due to damage to the cochlea can occur suddenly and without an obvious cause,a condition described as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). SSNHL can range from a mild hearing loss to a completely deaf ear,which can make it difficult to understand people talking on the affected side. Recovery of ...

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide, occurring in 0.2-2% of live births. It is also the most frequent cause of non-genetic hearing loss, and an important cause of neurodevelopmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of maternal infection during pregnancy is unreliable in most patients and laboratory diagnosis can be challenging, especially in non-primary infections. Screening of congenital CMV infection (cCMV) in newborns is not recommended in most countries and only targeted screening is performed in some cases (children ...

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Major trauma kills more than 5,400 people every year in the UK and uncontrolled bleeding accounts for a large proportion of these deaths, with approximately 20% occurring in the first 24 hours and 40% occurring within the first 30 days. The overall cost to NHS for managing major trauma is estimated to be £150 million per annum and blood transfusion makes up around 12% of this cost.  Blood transfusion is a life-saving treatment in the management of bleeding patients until bleeding ...

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Background A pneumothorax occurs when air gets into the space between the lung and the chest wall, usually through a small hole in the lung. This causes the lung to collapse, and can occur “spontaneously”, meaning without an injury to the chest. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in young patients without known lung disease. 50% of patients with PSP need to have a tube (or drain) inserted into the chest to remove the air between the lung and chest wall, ...

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CLARITY is an observational study whereby participants will attend one 4-hr visit the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,University of Oxford at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford,with the option to split the study visit over two days for convenience. Of the 200 young adults followed up from the ALSPAC study (G1 offspring cohort),100 will have been born to a hypertensive pregnancy and 100 following an uncomplicated pregnancy. At time of follow-up,they will be 30 to 40 years of age. At the 25-year ...

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This project aims to remotely detect the early signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a group of patients who carry a gene (glucocerebrosidase-GBA) which causes a genetic predisposition to it. We aim to detect these signs and symptoms prior to the clinically diagnostic onset of the movement related (motor) symptoms of the disease. We will assess for signs and symptoms including anxiety, depression, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), cognitive decline, reduced sense of smell, abnormal sleep behaviours, constipation ...

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