Knee osteoarthritis is a painful condition. In the early stages, patients often benefit from lifestyle changes and exercises. When the knee becomes very damaged, they may require a knee replacement surgery to alleviate the pain and improve symptoms. In between the early and advanced stages, pain can become a major problem. A new treatment has been developed which aims to relieve pain in the knee by blocking (embolisation) small extra blood vessels around the knee. Early studies seem to show ...

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Babies born early or prematurely have under-developed lungs. Many need help with their breathing after birth and some go on to have lifelong lung problems. Premature babies will get infections after discharge which they generally deal with well. The problem is over half get chest infections which further damage the lungs. There are very few treatments available to prevent viral chest infections except against the virus called RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus). We want to use a new approach to prepare the babies’ ...

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Arthritis of the big toe joint, where the big toe joins the rest of the foot, is very common. It causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints, which can often get worse when walking. Living with big toe joint arthritis can affect people’s day to day activities and impact on whether they can work and enjoy other activities and hobbies. We do not know the best way of helping people living with painful big toe arthritis. Some types of ...

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Basal thumb osteoarthritis (BTOA) is a common condition that affects 21% of the population by the age of 40 and 45% by the age of 80. BTOA causes significant problems in this large population with symptoms including pain, tenderness and stiffness. There are a variety of non-surgical and surgical treatments available for BTOA. If non-surgical treatment fails then surgical options can be offered (trapeziectomy and carpometacarpal joint replacement (CMCJR)). However there is a lack of high quality evidence comparing these ...

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This research aims to understand how ageing and blood thinners, widely prescribed to older adults, affect the body’s ability to stop bleeding after injuries like hip fractures. Blood thinners, used to prevent strokes and heart problems, reduce the blood’s ability to clot and are often thought to increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. As a result, doctors sometimes delay surgery for patients on blood thinners to minimise this risk. However, delays can lead to serious complications, including infections and ...

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This is a first-in-human phase 1 trial to assess the safety,tolerability,and immunogenicity of two doses of ChAdOx1 LassaJ in healthy volunteers aged 18-55 years. There will be an initial lead-in cohort (cohort 1) of 6 participants,followed by a participant-observer blinded cohort of 25 participants cohort (cohort 2). Participants in cohort 2 will be randomly assigned to subgroups,one of which will receive 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 LassaJ vaccine 12 weeks apart (20 participants) and the other group will receive ...

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COPD is the third leading cause of deaths worldwide. Lung volume reduction (LVR) therapy improves symptoms and life expectancy in severe COPD. The damaged lungs in COPD become overinflated which may cause compression of the more efficient parts of the lung. One-way expiratory endobronchial valves have been developed to be placed in the airways leading to the overinflated lung by bronchoscopy, only allowing air to exit the lung causing deflation and LVR. In some cases, air can enter the targeted ...

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StratMedPaeds2 aims to develop new tests that identify treatment for children who fail therapy and experience cancer relapse. It builds on the success achieved in StratMedPaeds1, which provided a national pathway to molecularly test tumour tissue and blood in children who relapse, and feed usable information about treatment and mechanisms of treatment failure to clinicians and researchers seeking to improve survival for these children. Having delivered several effective tests to the NHS, StratMedPaeds2 will move on to address four important ...

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Ketone bodies are fat-derived fuels used by tissues for energy when glucose availability is limited, such as during fasting. In people with diabetes, various factors can trigger a build-up of ketones in the blood (ketosis), including inadequate insulin administration, infection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump failure, and certain medications. This can lead to a life-threatening medical emergency called Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease also have an increased risk of ketosis due to the use ...

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Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of brain development, the most common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy and often caused by mutations in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway genes. Patients with FCD develop drug-resistant seizures. Our study will look at FCD tissue removed during epilepsy surgery and aims to detect mutations in mTOR pathway genes in brain cells. Secondly, we will establish if evidence of mutations found in brain cells can also be detected as circulating free DNA (cfDNA) ...

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